Research progress and prospects of 10 homologous raw materials for blood pressure lowering drugs and food

January 29, 2024

In 2017, China released the "Catalogue of Medicinal and Food Homologous Raw Materials". After searching databases such as CA, BA, Springer, CNKI, and VIP, some medicinal and food homologous materials with blood pressure lowering effects were found, including radish seed, hawthorn, chrysanthemum, kudzu root, cassia seed, oyster, papaya, bergamot, walnut kernel, and kumquat.

Dietary therapy has the function of regulating the body, preventing diseases before they occur, and preventing them before they occur, opening up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. This article discusses the blood pressure lowering mechanism of blood pressure lowering drugs and food homologous substances, as well as the effects of food on them

Review the research progress in order to provide reference for the study and application of its medicinal and edible homology.

01 Raphanus seed

Raphani seed is a dried and mature seed of the cruciferous plant radish, containing alkaloids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, volatile oils, fatty oils, proteins, and polysaccharides, among which sinapine thiocyanate is an active ingredient in lowering blood pressure.

Li Tieyun administered water-soluble alkaloids from radish seed to spontaneously hypertensive rats, which had a significant effect on lowering blood pressure. Its antihypertensive effect may activate the nitric oxide myocardial nitric oxide synthase system, causing vasodilation and lowering blood pressure. It may also protect target organs by reducing damage through antioxidant effects.

Gong Jirong instructed patients to take capsules containing radish seeds orally for more than 3 weeks, with a total antihypertensive effective rate of 87.5%, proving that radish seeds are effective antihypertensive drugs.

02. Hawthorn

The main chemical components of hawthorn fruit extract are flavonoids and triterpenes, which have the effects of reducing blood lipids, promoting myocardial contraction, protecting myocardium, anti atherosclerosis, and reducing blood pressure.

Ma Zheng and others fed ginkgo biloba leaves and hawthorn extract to spontaneously hypertensive rats. The optimal combination can effectively reduce blood pressure, protect target cells and tissues and organs. The mechanism of action is to reduce peripheral vascular resistance by regulating endothelial dependent vasodilators, and protect important tissue and organ damage induced by hypertension through antioxidant action.

Yuan Yuan et al. constructed a model of renal hypertension combined with hyperlipidemia in rats and administered hawthorn extract by gavage, which has a stable and long-term lipid-lowering effect. At the same time, it can control blood pressure to no longer rise, and its antihypertensive mechanism is mainly to dilate peripheral blood vessels.

03. Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum is the flower bud or flower of the Chrysanthemum genus in the Asteraceae family. The main chemical components of chrysanthemum extract are flavonoids, triterpenes, and volatile oils.

Modern pharmacological research has shown that chrysanthemums have significant effects in dilating coronary arteries, relaxing blood vessels, increasing coronary blood flow, lowering blood pressure, antioxidation, improving heart vitality, strengthening the heart, and combating arrhythmia.

04. Pueraria lobata

The main components of Pueraria lobata include isoflavones, puerarins, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids, and other compounds. Its isoflavones contain puerarin, which has effects such as vasodilation, blood pressure lowering, and anti myocardial ischemia.

Sun Yunxiang et al.'s research confirmed that puerarin has a vasodilatory effect; And it was found that its vasodilatory effect was significantly weakened after the application of L-nitroarginine and the destruction of endothelial cells, indicating that the NO synthesized by endothelial cells may be involved in the vasodilatory effect of puerarin.

05. Cassia seed

Cassia seed is a mature and dried seed of leguminous plants such as Cassia or small Cassia. Its main chemical components are anthraquinone substances, as well as proteins, polysaccharides, and various essential amino acids and trace elements for the human body. Cassia seed extract can dilate blood vessels. The effect may be related to inhibiting the opening of longitudinal calcium channels and regulating the release of iNOS and nitric oxide from endothelial cells.

Yu Hairong et al. found that this method significantly reduced tail artery systolic pressure, urinary albumin, and β The content of 2-microglobulin improves renal injury induced by hypertension, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of intracellular angiotensin II, aldosterone, and endothelin secretion.

06. Oysters

Oysters contain amino acids, polysaccharides, B vitamins, taurine, as well as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and other components. Shao Jiangjuan et al. found that oysters have a synergistic effect on reducing blood pressure in Pueraria lobata. The mechanism is related to inhibiting the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, improving endothelial function, and blocking various signaling pathways triggered by intracellular calcium ions in aortic smooth muscle cells.

07. Papaya

Papaya is the fruit of herbaceous plants in the papaya family, which includes organic acids, flavonoids, papain, and polysaccharides. Liu Saisai and others prepared antihypertensive peptides by hydrolyzing casein with papain. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, also known as antihypertensive peptides, are a class of peptides with significant antihypertensive effects.

08. Buddha's Hand

The dried fruit of the Citrus genus in the Rutaceae family, consisting of flavonoids, volatile oils, coumarins, polysaccharides, and other chemical components.

Chang Wen et al. compared the inhibitory effects of different solvent extracts of bergamot on angiotensin-converting enzyme by HPLC, and identified the active site with the best inhibitory effect. They speculated that the hypotensive effect of bergamot may be mainly related to the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.

09. Walnut kernels

Walnut kernels are the seeds of walnut plants in the walnut family, which are rich in nutrients and contain high-quality fats, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, as well as mineral elements such as phosphorus, calcium, iron, potassium, and vitamins B, C, E, etc.

Xu Huijiao et al. extracted protein from defatted walnut meal and studied the antihypertensive activity of five different proteases on walnut protein hydrolysates. The results showed that walnut protease hydrolysates had a good inhibitory effect on angiotensin converting enzyme.

10. Kunbu

Kunbuqi's ingredient, arginine, can effectively lower blood pressure. Li Xiangrong et al. fed Kunbu to spontaneously hypertensive rats, indicating that the content of robustine in it has a certain effect on lowering blood pressure. Ren Dandan et al. found through further experiments that active ingredients such as arginine in seaweed extract can effectively inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme, thereby achieving the effect of lowering blood pressure.

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